Osteoporosis – causes and prevention methods

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Anna Otlewska, Paweł Hackemer, Fryderyk Menzel, Agnieszka Otlewska

2 (55) 2018 s. 258–262
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20883/ppnoz.2018.38

Fraza do cytowania: Otlewska A., Hackemer P., Menzel F., Otlewska A. Osteoporosis – causes and prevention methods. Polski Przegląd Nauk o Zdrowiu. 2018;2(55):258–262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20883/ppnoz.2018.38

Osteoporosis is a common disease of the skeleton. It occurs primarily in postmenopausal women and in the elderly. An important pathogenetic role in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis is deficiency of estrogen, and in elderly osteoporosis deficiency of vitamin D, leading to hyperparathyroidism. The development of osteoporosis can also occur under the influence of medicines like glucocorticosteroids and other diseases. Reduced bone density and decreased quality lead to reduced mechanical resistance of the bone, which can lead to osteoporotic fractures, leading to disability and death. The risk of developing osteoporosis is influenced by both genetic factors and lifestyle. Osteoporosis is more common in women, in the slim group, in people with a family history of osteoporotic fracture. Cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, abnormal diet, low physical activity contribute to the development of the disease. The methods of prevention of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures are: proper calcium intake in the diet, vitamin D deficiency supplementation, prevention of falls and physical activity.

Key words: osteoporosis, osteoporotic fractures, osteoporosis prevention, calcium supplementation.



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